It fills the fields the document already has
A PDF form is a set of named fields plus places on the page where they appear, and the document stores both. This page reads those fields out of the file and shows one control per field: a text box for a text field, a tick for a check box, a list for a drop-down or a radio group. Every control starts with the value the document already holds, so changing one line does not mean retyping the whole form.
Because the document is edited rather than rebuilt, everything else in it survives: bookmarks, page sizes, attachments, the order of the pages, the tags a screen reader uses. That is the difference between this page and a tool that copies pages into a new document - a page copy keeps what is visible and drops the paperwork.
An electronic signature, described honestly
What this page produces is a mark on a page: a picture of a signature, or a typed name drawn in the built-in Helvetica oblique font, placed inside the page margin. That is what most people mean by "sign this PDF", and it is exactly what printing, signing and scanning produces as well.
It is not a digital signature. Nothing here signs with a certificate or a private key, so the file carries no proof of who signed it, and a change made to the file afterwards cannot be detected. A digital signature is a cryptographic seal over the whole document, issued through an identity check, and it is a different and much heavier piece of machinery - this page deliberately does not pretend to have it.
Two consequences are worth knowing before you use it. A signature picture placed on a page is part of the page, so anyone with a PDF editor can copy it, move it or delete it. And flattening - turning the filled fields into page content - makes the answers awkward to edit, but it is not encryption and it does not lock the file.
The small print that actually bites
The font: Helvetica is one of the fourteen standard PDF fonts and covers Latin letters and common punctuation. A name in another script is refused with a clear message instead of printed as blank boxes - upload a picture of the signature in that case, because a picture has no alphabet to run out of.
The fields: character limits and drop-down choices belong to the document, so an answer the field cannot hold is refused by name rather than quietly clipped in the output. Signature fields - the ones a real signing service would fill - are listed as not editable here, because filling one honestly needs a certificate.
Encrypted files: if the PDF asks for a password it is refused. The document never reaches a server, so there is nowhere to type the password. Open it once in a viewer with the password, save a copy without the protection, and sign that copy.